Recruiting in China

Beijing — After two years of slashing jobs at home, Nortel Networks Corp. has revealed another big increase in its engineering staff in China, accelerating a trend that has seen it shifting to lower-cost countries for its manufacturing and R&D.

Nortel disclosed Thursday that its R&D staff in China has grown by almost 30 per cent in the past year. The company now has about 1,800 research and development employees in China, compared with about 1,400 last year. This means that China now accounts for 15 per cent of Nortel's worldwide R&D jobs, up from 12 per cent last year.

Canadian politicians have criticized Nortel for shifting jobs overseas. The company announced in 2004 that it was cutting 950 jobs in Canada, including a large number at its R&D headquarters in Ottawa. It announced another 1,900 job reductions worldwide this year, and some of those job losses will be in Canada.

Four months ago, in another cost-cutting move, Nortel shifted its procurement office from Ottawa to Hong Kong. And within three years it plans to buy 80 per cent of its components and materials from low-cost countries, primarily in the developing world, compared with 30 per cent last year. The company has announced that it is adding about 800 new jobs in two low-cost countries — Mexico and Turkey — by 2008.

“China is becoming much more important for Nortel — not just in revenues but also in employment, as an R&D centre,” Nortel chief executive officer Mike Zafirovski said Thursday at the official opening of its new China headquarters in Beijing. “We have more and more operational responsibilities for all of Asia now being handled out of Beijing. It's a very good commitment to China but also very smart from a Nortel perspective.”

He would not rule out the possibility of further job cuts in North America as the company focuses more on opportunities in the developing world.

“We are not as competitive as we need to be,” he said. “Our costs are not at world-class levels, but they will be. Nothing will stop us in our pursuit of being the most competitive enterprise out there.”

Most of the planned cost savings, however, are likely to be from efficiencies such as better on-time delivery and improved systems, rather than shifting jobs to low-cost countries, he said.

The state-of-the-art office in Beijing is an example of the trend toward low-cost countries. With 180,000 square feet of space in the high-tech Wangjing industrial zone, the gleaming glass-and-steel campus is making it easier for Nortel to recruit China's new generation of R&D engineers. About 1,000 of its 1,800 R&D staff are based at the new Beijing campus, which was built as part of a $200-million investment announced in China in 2003.

China is also an increasingly important centre for Nortel's operations in Asia. A growing share of its Asian executives and R&D staff are based in China with a mandate to serve all of Asia. “We're utilizing the skills here for the benefit of Asia,” said Michael Pangia, president of Nortel's Asia division.

As it expands its operations here, Nortel is hoping for steady revenue growth from China, which accounts for the biggest share of the Asian division that now provides almost 14 per cent of Nortel's global revenue. China is also likely to benefit from Nortel's plans for greater investment in Asia.

“China would be a logical place for that to happen,” Mr. Zafirovski said Thursday. “We view China to be a major growth opportunity. We'd love to be twice as big in China.”